Manual of Labor Units (MLU) 2019-2020 Edition An estimate is only as good as the information it is based on, and the NECA Manual of Labor Units (MLU) has been the estimating resource of choice for electrical contractors since 1923. The MLU provides an experience-based reference for estimating the electrical construction labor required to.

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Electrical Business Estimate Sheet In order to acquire a work, an electrical contractor must provide accurate bidding as well as cost estimation for prospective job. An in depth electrical business estimate form is very useful for this purpose.
NECA’s the labor units do not include any labor for supervision of any type. All electrical construction requires more than one level of supervision, and the magnitude of supervision depends on the complexity, type, and size of each project.
In the previous articles that I have written, I have covered the basics of labour unit application; however, there is a lot more to assigning a particular labour unit to a task than picking it from the labour unit manual. The units in these manuals are based on the average time it takes an average electrician to do the task in average conditions.
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A practical guide for the electrician and home owner

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Useful charts to help in figuring out Conduit fill.

Labor Factoring is the process of adjusting labor hours for a project…

Labor Factors for the Project Manager.

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Determine install time, then use LU column value.

Raceway Fill Percentages as per NEC and Conductor Square Areas tables.

Take a look back in history and see the means and methods in electrical contracting.

Conduit Fill Table – NEC Table C Conductor Size – AWG / kcmil – THHN / THWN

Conduit & Wire Weight Chart – THHN CU

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For quick reference sizing conduits for #14 – #10 THHN & XHHW conductors

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Labour allocation for a particular job is the most difficult task an estimator has to do in order to arrive at a competitive tender that will return a profit. Brian Seymour explains.

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In the previous articles that I have written, I have covered the basics of labour unit application; however, there is a lot more to assigning a particular labour unit to a task than picking it from the labour unit manual.

The units in these manuals are based on the average time it takes an average electrician to do the task in average conditions. But, these averages may not always be applicable to your job and it is the estimator’s responsibility to alter these units to reflect the conditions you will be working in. Intelligent analysis of all the facts is needed to determine the rate of these factors.

The prime reason for adjusting a labour unit is for circumstances that vary considerably from the scope of conditions assumed when a labour unit was listed. There are some grey areas here where poor project management can lead to blaming the estimator for not having originated a reasonable expectation of these variances.

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Factors that can have a considerable effect on the productivity of a project and are outside the norm when assessing the labour component include:

External conditions – Weather, commuting time, accessibility, availability of skilled labour and walking time.
The project – Site access, project size, heat, cold, confined space, type of work, size of workforce, fast track, project schedule, compression;
Project management – Supervisory team, material availability, tool availability, stacked trades, overtime, concurrent operations, clean up, labour to the workface.
Site labour – Quality of tradesmen, absenteeism, morale, fatigue, quality assurance, learning curve.

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Projects that have a substantial proportion of the work being performed outdoors need the estimate to allow for the expected number of days downtime due to weather. Although weather is mainly unpredictable, the estimator can make assessments depending on the season, past weather pattern data and local knowledge. This assessment should also take into account whether there is any other work on site that can be carried out during inclement weather.

Allowing walking time to get the labour from the site shed to the workface on a major project can be a considerable cost. With a large workforce, the estimator may need to schedule staggered start times to ensure the least amount of lost time, especially if it requires the use of vehicles or access through security and site induction programs.

Commuting time to remote projects where accommodation is isolated from the worksite and the mode of transport required to access whether it is by road, rail, all-terrain vehicle, light aircraft or helicopter is only one of the considerations. The impact on the labour also includes the number of men that can be transported per trip and whether this transport under the control of your company or an outside source. Remote projects are often face difficulties in attracting skilled labour, so how many of your staff are prepared to work on a remote site? To bring in skilled labour from outside the company is always a greater expense and uncertain productivity.

For factors that affect labour units like site access when bringing materials to the site, you need to determine how much labour is required. If you are installing a power outlet for Mrs Jones, then it is only a few steps from the van to the workface with materials you can carry in the hand, no additional labour factor required. However, if it is a large industrial site and no permission is granted to bring your own van on site and materials h